{"id":4988,"date":"2022-10-17T14:24:38","date_gmt":"2022-10-17T14:24:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/ile-de-sakatia-apac-madagascar-2\/"},"modified":"2022-10-17T14:28:02","modified_gmt":"2022-10-17T14:28:02","slug":"ile-de-sakatia-apac-madagascar-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/ile-de-sakatia-apac-madagascar-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00cele de Sakatia (APAC), Madagascar"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbcolumn_reverse\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbcolumn_reverse\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0″ bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb12px\u00a0\u00bb top_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0″ bottom_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb12px\u00a0\u00bb top_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0″ bottom_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb12px\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

Parmi les 14 APAC embl\u00e9matiques de Madagascar, le territoire de vie de la Fokonolona (communaut\u00e9 locale) sur l\u2019\u00eele de Sakatia couvre 1 230 hectares et englobe la r\u00e9serve foresti\u00e8re d\u2019Ambohibe (12,4 ha), les mangroves d\u2019Andranomatavy (10,5 ha), des plages de sable (7,2 ha) et une zone de p\u00eache traditionnelle de 110 ha o\u00f9 deux esp\u00e8ces prot\u00e9g\u00e9es de tortues de mer vivent (Chelonia mydas<\/em> et Eretmochelys imbricata<\/em>, class\u00e9es respectivement comme en p\u00e9ril et en p\u00e9ril critique dans la Liste rouge de l\u2019UICN).<\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Les premiers habitants arriv\u00e8rent sur l\u2019\u00eele de Sakatia en 1883, et l\u2019\u00eele compte aujourd\u2019hui 1 452 habitants, dont huit groupes ethniques (Sakalava Antakarana, Sakalava Boina, Antandroy, Mahafaly, Antanosy, Antemoro, Betsileo et Merina), et un petit groupe d\u2019Europ\u00e9ens. Les principales sources de moyens de subsistance sont le tourisme, l\u2019artisanat, l\u2019agriculture et la p\u00eache. <\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me marin et c\u00f4tier de l\u2019\u00eele est g\u00e9r\u00e9, conserv\u00e9 et gouvern\u00e9 durablement gr\u00e2ce aux r\u00e8gles traditionnelles appel\u00e9es Dina<\/em>, qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9es au fil du temps et sont supervis\u00e9es par des institutions coutumi\u00e8res. Ces derni\u00e8res sont constitu\u00e9es d\u2019un dirigeant traditionnel, d\u2019un dirigeant coutumier et d\u2019un roi de l\u2019\u00eele, et ces institutions sont reconnues et soutenues par les gouvernements communaux et nationaux. Une organisation communautaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise sur pied en 1995, et en 1998, la responsabilit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale de la gestion des ressources naturelles lui a \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9e. Le contrat de transfert de gestion, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 par la municipalit\u00e9, l\u2019organisation communautaire, le Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019environnement et du d\u00e9veloppement durable, et le Minist\u00e8re des ressources halieutiques et de la p\u00eache, est fond\u00e9 sur les r\u00e8gles Dina<\/em>. <\/p>\n

La culture locale joue un r\u00f4le majeur dans la conservation stricte des for\u00eats \u00e0 Ambohibe, qui est une for\u00eat sacr\u00e9e (ala fady<\/em>). De m\u00eame, les mangroves d\u2019Andranomatavy sont prot\u00e9g\u00e9es contre l\u2019exploitation non durable. Les droits coutumiers de collecte de plantes m\u00e9dicinales dans les for\u00eats et les mangroves sont accord\u00e9s par la communaut\u00e9 traditionnelle et les institutions juridiques. En juillet 2018, des herbiers sous-marins ont \u00e9t\u00e9 plant\u00e9s et des bou\u00e9es de marquage ont \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9es pour d\u00e9limiter les zones des tortues et emp\u00eacher le d\u00e9clin des deux esp\u00e8ces de tortues marines. La communaut\u00e9 \u0153uvre \u00e9galement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9limination des bambous envahissants, et \u00e0 lutter contre la menace pos\u00e9e par une proposition de nouvelle auberge, dont la construction est pr\u00e9vue sur une fray\u00e8re de tortues situ\u00e9e sur un site sacr\u00e9. <\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00eele de Sakatia fait partie du r\u00e9seau TAFO MIHAAVO, un r\u00e9seau national de communaut\u00e9s locales qui g\u00e8rent des ressources naturelles. Le r\u00e9seau s\u2019\u00e9tend et cherche \u00e0 collaborer \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de politiques, instruments juridiques et m\u00e9canismes nationaux favorables. En 2019, TAFO MIHAAVO et MIHARI (Gestion locale des ressources marines – R\u00e9seau Madagascar) ont joint leurs forces pour garantir des zones autochtones et communautaires au niveau national, \u00e0 travers la pleine reconnaissance des droits communautaires aux terres et des zones marines g\u00e9r\u00e9es par les communaut\u00e9s. Une initiative gouvernementale est actuellement en cours pour \u00e9laborer un cadre l\u00e9gislatif concernant des zones \u00e0 statut sp\u00e9cial, notamment des zones soumises aux droits fonciers communautaires, ce qui constitue une occasion importante. <\/p>\n

Un message clair a \u00e9merg\u00e9 de la collaboration \u00e0 Madagascar, \u00e0 savoir la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de reconna\u00eetre toutes les formes de gestion communautaire des ressources naturelles, y compris les structures qui sont \u00e0 la base de cette gestion, et les r\u00e8gles et les pratiques coutumi\u00e8res qui permettent aux communaut\u00e9s locales de g\u00e9rer les ressources de leurs terres de mani\u00e8re durable depuis des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations. Cette reconnaissance doit tenir compte au moins de deux aspects indissociables : premi\u00e8rement la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de reconna\u00eetre les APAC ainsi que des territoires physiques bien d\u00e9finis, dont le statut juridique doit \u00eatre garanti ; et deuxi\u00e8mement, la conservation et la reconnaissance de syst\u00e8mes coutumiers de gouvernance des ressources naturelles.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb 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Deux esp\u00e8ces de tortues de mer en danger vivent dans les eaux des environs de l’\u00eele de Sakatia, \u00e0 Madagascar. Photo : Jax137. <\/h6>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbcasestudydetails\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1666016192917{margin-top: 30px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 12px !important;border-top-color: #000000 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]\n
Auteure\/Auteur<\/strong><\/h5>\n
    \n
  • Bakoliarimisa Tsiorisoa Mihanta, TAFO MIHAAVO<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbcasestudydetails\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1666016295258{margin-top: 30px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 12px !important;border-top-color: #000000 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]\n
    \u00c9cosyst\u00e8mes<\/strong><\/h5>\n
      \n
    • Marin et c\u00f4tier<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbcasestudydetails\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1666016311276{margin-top: 30px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 12px !important;border-top-color: #000000 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]\n
      Th\u00e8mes<\/strong><\/h5>\n
        \n
      • Conservation et utilisation durable<\/li>\n
      • Gouvernance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbcasestudydetails\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1666016318516{margin-top: 30px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 12px !important;border-top-color: #000000 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]\n
        Type<\/strong><\/h5>\n
          \n
        • Forme courte<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbcasestudydetails\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1666016326212{margin-top: 30px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 12px !important;border-top-color: #000000 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]\n
          Date<\/strong><\/h5>\n
            \n
          • Cette \u00e9tude de cas fait partie de LBO-2, publi\u00e9 \u00e0 l’origine en 2020.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \u00c0 Madagascar, les pratiques coutumi\u00e8res de conservation des terres sont prot\u00e9g\u00e9es par les gouvernements locaux et national.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1253,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[21,10],"tags":[],"acf":{"latitude":-13.299032650714583,"longitude":48.165258632055149,"topic":["Conservation and sustainable use","Governance"],"ecosystem":"marine","region":"Africa","form":"short","edition":"LBO-2"},"yoast_head":"\n\u00cele de Sakatia (APAC), Madagascar - Local Biodiversity Outlooks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00c0 Madagascar, les pratiques coutumi\u00e8res de conservation des terres sont prot\u00e9g\u00e9es par les gouvernements locaux et national.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/ile-de-sakatia-apac-madagascar-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00cele de Sakatia (APAC), Madagascar - 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