{"id":3423,"date":"2022-03-23T12:20:58","date_gmt":"2022-03-23T12:20:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/le-droit-a-la-citoyennete-des-baka-bagyeli-et-bedzang-au-cameroun\/"},"modified":"2022-03-24T12:20:08","modified_gmt":"2022-03-24T12:20:08","slug":"le-droit-a-la-citoyennete-des-baka-bagyeli-et-bedzang-au-cameroun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/localbiodiversityoutlooks.net\/fr\/le-droit-a-la-citoyennete-des-baka-bagyeli-et-bedzang-au-cameroun\/","title":{"rendered":"Le droit \u00e0 la citoyennet\u00e9 des Baka, Bagyeli et Bedzang au Cameroun"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbcolumn_reverse\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbcolumn_reverse\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb12px\u00a0\u00bb top_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; bottom_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb12px\u00a0\u00bb top_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; bottom_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb12px\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<h3>Les peuples autochtones Baka, Bagyeli et Bedzang du Cameroun ont uni leurs forces pour se repr\u00e9senter \u00e0 travers une plateforme nationale d\u2019organisations de peuples autochtones des for\u00eats, qui porte le nom de Gbabandi. Les communaut\u00e9s ont employ\u00e9 les outils d\u2019enqu\u00eate du Navigateur autochtone pour combler l\u2019insuffisance des donn\u00e9es officielles sur la situation des peuples autochtones au Cameroun, en accordant la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 la question de la citoyennet\u00e9 en vertu de la cible 16.9 des ODD, qui vise \u00e0 fournir une identit\u00e9 juridique \u00e0 tous, notamment avec l\u2019enregistrement gratuit des naissances, d\u2019ici 2030.<\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Quarante communaut\u00e9s baka et bagyeli ont particip\u00e9 \u00e0 ce travail, elles habitent une zone de for\u00eats humides longue de 700 kilom\u00e8tres, s\u2019\u00e9tendant de l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 est du pays \u00e0 sa c\u00f4te occidentale. Ces communaut\u00e9s repr\u00e9sentent environ 25 % de la population totale estim\u00e9e des Baka, et 19 % de la population totale estim\u00e9e des Bagyeli. Le statut de citoyennet\u00e9 affecte la participation des peuples autochtones \u00e0 de nombreux aspects de la vie publique. Au Cameroun, un ou plusieurs documents de citoyennet\u00e9 essentiels, tels que acte de naissance, carte nationale d\u2019identit\u00e9 ou carte d\u2019\u00e9lecteur, sont requis pour inscrire un enfant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, se d\u00e9placer librement \u00e0 travers le pays, voter, pr\u00e9senter une candidature pour un emploi, et ex\u00e9cuter de nombreuses autres t\u00e2ches essentielles de la vie.<\/p>\n<p>Les cons\u00e9quences en termes d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la justice et de gouvernance environnementale sont \u00e9galement importantes. Parmi les 40 communaut\u00e9s ayant particip\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude, 66 % ont r\u00e9pondu qu\u2019elles n\u2019avaient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 en mesure d\u2019entamer une quelconque proc\u00e9dure en justice pour d\u00e9fendre leurs droits, alors que 23 % ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir pu le faire \u00ab uniquement dans une moindre mesure \u00bb, parce que certains documents de citoyennet\u00e9 manquaient.<\/p>\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es recueillies par Gbabandi ont montr\u00e9 que la naissance d\u2019environ 69 % des enfants autochtones de moins de cinq ans n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9e, contre une moyenne nationale de 31 %, et qu\u2019environ la moiti\u00e9 de tous les adultes (un peu plus de femmes que d\u2019hommes) ne poss\u00e8dent pas de documents valables attestant leur citoyennet\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019absence d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux documents de citoyennet\u00e9 est due :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9loignement des communaut\u00e9s autochtones des bureaux d\u2019\u00e9tat civil o\u00f9 les naissances sont enregistr\u00e9es et les cartes nationales d\u2019identit\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9es ;<\/li>\n<li>au co\u00fbt (direct et indirect) d\u2019obtention de ces documents ;<\/li>\n<li>\u00e0 la complexit\u00e9 du processus, en particulier pour ceux qui n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s \u00e0 la naissance et doivent donc entamer des proc\u00e9dures en justice pour obtenir un acte de naissance.<\/li>\n<li>Des niveaux d\u2019alphab\u00e9tisation faibles et la m\u00e9connaissance du r\u00f4le et de la fonction des documents de citoyennet\u00e9 par les communaut\u00e9s autochtones figurent parmi les facteurs d\u00e9terminants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les statistiques sont encore plus troublantes au vu du nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 de violations des droits dont sont victimes les communaut\u00e9s autochtones des for\u00eats en lien avec l\u2019acc\u00e8s et l\u2019utilisation des territoires traditionnels. Environ 94 % des communaut\u00e9s interrog\u00e9es ont v\u00e9cu des conflits portant sur les terres ou les ressources naturelles, tels que : exploitation foresti\u00e8re ill\u00e9gale ou autres activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales (66 %), \u00e9tablissement d\u2019un parc national ou d\u2019une aire prot\u00e9g\u00e9e (31 %), agriculture industrielle \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle (23 %), industries extractives (9 %), et infrastructures (6 %).<\/p>\n<p>Le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019absence de citoyennet\u00e9 a incit\u00e9 le projet du \u00ab Navigateur autochtone \u00bb au Cameroun \u00e0 accompagner 500 jeunes baka et bagyeli \u00e0 entamer une proc\u00e9dure pour la d\u00e9livrance de leurs certificats de naissance. Il pr\u00e9voyait \u00e9galement la formation des points de contact communautaires et de sages-femmes traditionnelles concernant l\u2019importance de l\u2019enregistrement des naissances, et un dialogue avec les gouvernements locaux et nationaux, ainsi que d\u2019autres acteurs, afin de promouvoir la collaboration pour la simplification des proc\u00e9dures d\u2019enregistrement des naissances pour les peuples autochtones.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; 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background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1648036757505{margin-top: -30px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bbimagecaption\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h6>Femmes baka, bagyeli et bedzang participant \u00e0 un atelier national sur les droits autochtones et la diversit\u00e9 biologique. Photo : Adrienne Surprenant<\/h6>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbcasestudydetails\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1648036775312{margin-top: 30px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 12px !important;border-top-color: #000000 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h5><strong>Auteure\/Auteur<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Gbabandi, Okani et Forest Peoples Programme<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbcasestudydetails\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1641997973135{margin-top: 30px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 12px !important;border-top-color: #000000 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h5><strong>\u00c9cosyst\u00e8mes<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>For\u00eats tropicales<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbcasestudydetails\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1648036794284{margin-top: 30px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 12px !important;border-top-color: #000000 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h5><strong>Th\u00e8mes<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Gouvernance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbcasestudydetails\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1648036806468{margin-top: 30px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 12px !important;border-top-color: #000000 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h5><strong>Type<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Forme courte<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbcasestudydetails\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1648036829847{margin-top: 30px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 12px !important;border-top-color: #000000 !important;border-top-style: solid !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h5><strong>Date<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Cette \u00e9tude de cas fait partie de LBO-2, publi\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine en 2020.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Des projets aident les peuples autochtones du Cameroun \u00e0 obtenir la citoyennet\u00e9 afin qu\u2019ils puissent avoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leurs droits.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3463,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"acf":{"latitude":2.7108349510057974,"longitude":12.672197696066503,"topic":["Governance"],"ecosystem":"tropical","region":"Africa","form":"short","edition":"LBO-2"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.1 - 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